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科幻探险片寻找重返母星之路--纪新疆博格达峰、狼塔C线、乌孙古道三大经典户外徒步线路连续穿越游泳的大鱼(文/图/摄) 这是一个交织过去、现在和未来的探险故事,是跨越时空千年的旅程,对地球上的绝大多数人来说它可能仅仅是新疆三大经典户外徒步之探险,而对向日葵色板官方菠萝族人来说却是寻找返回故乡Z星体(我也常常尊称为:母星体)、重获星体超级能量的不平凡的路。“扮演”坏蛋角色的狼族终以失败而退出了地球正在堕落的富饶,向日葵色板官方菠萝族人最终成功的离开了这个曾经给向日葵色板官方痛苦、安慰,如今已变得让人无限遗憾的蓝色星球。 此文章将以科幻故事结合实际探险的纪实形式完成,配合大量的图片和文字说明,尽量做到故事有头有尾,探险信息真实可靠,不误导后来者。 文中围绕着新疆三大徒步线路讲述了一群菠萝族人寻找重返母星之路的故事。依据实际徒步探险线路,文章将分三个部分完成,每个部分依线路不同而分别取名:第一篇:博格达峰的悲伤 (在帖子第1页,第4楼,2014-1-3更新。)第二篇:消失的狼塔C (在帖子第36页,第355楼,2014-9-23更新。)第三篇:乌孙古道的流体盛宴 (链接地址: https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2321137-1-1.html ,2015-01-27更新。) 这篇文章是探索性的,是一篇科幻体探险纪实游记,希望广大户外爱好者给予中肯的评价和鼓励。文中所有与三大徒步线路直接有关的信息和数据都是真实的,描述和记录客观,可供适当参考。文中围绕菠萝族的人物和故事来自于菠萝族人----游泳的大鱼的超现实回忆,只可欣赏不可对号入座。文中图片,除特别注明的,都来自于
最新章节: 第521章 守望先锋 ( 2025-08-02 07:00:43)
更新时间: 2025-08-02 06:36:45
在祖国大陆之外,有一个向日葵色板官方打小称之为宝岛的地方,80后的向日葵色板官方对于日月潭、阿里山耳熟能详,但却从未有机会不受限制的前往一睹其风采。2011年,两岸自由行开放,大陆游客终于可以通过办理申请,不受团队限制地踏上台湾这片热土。自由行开放后的第三个年头,我也终于按耐不住,经过一番准备,开始了台湾之行;时间:2014.04.11--2014.0426地点:宝岛台湾方式:逆时针环岛骑行(大圈)起点:台北桃园中正机场终点:台北桃园中正机场全程:13个骑行日,1300公里台湾海岸线花费:5000元台湾简介:台湾是个呈南北狭长型的海岛,面积约3.6万平方千米,仅占全国的0.38%,却有2300多万人口,高山、丘陵、平原、盆地、岛屿、纵谷与海岸等景观丰富,北回归线恰好从中通过,使台湾同时拥有热带、亚热带、温带等各种自然生态。全省包括台湾岛及兰屿、绿岛、钓鱼岛等21个附属岛屿和澎湖列岛64个岛屿,其中台湾岛海岸线长达1600多千米,这是本次环岛骑行的主战线。1895年,台湾被日本窃据,1945年抗日战争胜利后重归中国版图。所以在如今的台湾,日据时期的建筑、痕迹、管理随处可寻,后面文中我会写到;台湾环岛骑行,一次喂饱眼睛和肚子,更喂饱心灵的旅行;台湾环岛骑行,我将向你展示台湾无敌的海景,更将告诉你,为什么每个去过的人,都会爱上那里;欢迎添加我的联系方式及个人公众号,义务提供入台、环台骑行、摄影咨询;微信:373311053微博:艾欧_里亚微信公众号:格桑花旅行 入台之前,有两个比较大的问需要解决,这也是很多来台背包或者骑行的朋友比较关心的两个问,这里我大概写一下相关的办理流程。第一个问,入台证件的办理;1、你的户籍地需要是已经开放台湾自由行的城市,如北京、天津、上海等,详细的开放城市可以百度搜索一下,不是自由行开放的城市,暂时不能参与台湾自由行,需跟团前往;2、如果你符合上面的要求,那么可以着手办理“两证一”,即台湾通行证,注和入台证。台湾通行证即你在台湾的护照,和注一同在你所在城市的出入境管理处办理(注意,办理这个证件大概需要10个工作日左右);你拿到通行证之后,就可以着手办理入台证和预定飞机票了;入台证在淘宝上即可办理,大概200块左右,一般3到15个工作日可以办理下来。第二个问,自行车如何入台;1、直接飞机托运,一般山地车都在20公斤内,加上一些修车工具和配件,基本正好可以卡在20公斤,把握的好是不用额外花钱托运的;直接走超大行李道,车子简单拆卸后放入装车包即可;2、轮渡入台,优点是不用拆车,缺点是时间不好把握;福建平潭的澳前码头乘坐海峡号,目的地为台湾的台中港或台北港(两个班次,一、三、六发台北港,二、四、五、日发台中港,途中时间分别为台中两个半小时,台北三个小时);3、在台直接租车,3日起租600至800新台币,以后每加一日多加100至200台币。虽然程序上蛮复杂,但相比较后程的体验,个人认为还是超值的。解决掉这两个问,你基本就可以安心等着入台开始旅行了。我的入台证件我是从北京出发,直飞往返大概3000,转机大概2300,我选择后者;自行车需要打包成这个样子开可以在机场托运哦。照片为A大爷和我; 装备一览:睡袋、Mann Zug 楚格三防手机、手车工具、队旗;特别要提一下MANN 猎鹰 三防手机这是第二次长途骑行携带这款手机了,依然是非常结实,不怕淋雨,不怕摔,导航给力!淘宝链接:https//item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a230r.1.14.2.75pdqo&id=42228610829&ns=1&abbucket=18&sku=网上搜到一个关于MANN的搞笑视频,这外卖够狠的:https//v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTQwMDQ2NTYw.html相机、身份证件本次骑行用车,新加坡Aleoca,全程无问,甚至连车胎也没爆过一次。 需要在厦门高崎机场转机,向日葵色板官方半夜到达,需要在这里熬到凌晨再搭乘飞机入台;图为夜幕下的高崎机场。高崎机场附近有免费的WIFI,晚上机场要关闭,所以只能在外面凑合过夜;A大爷今年40岁,老顽童一个,最大的爱好就是到处徒步爬山,旅行世界,曾经环过青海湖,为人心态非常的好,色狼一个,心地善良,哈哈。 D1(4-12),60km,桃园机场~新竹市(桃园机场→竹园→观音乡→新屋→湖口→竹北→新竹市)终于熬到天亮,这么多问都解决了,台湾还远吗?眼巴巴盯着大屏幕起飞12日上午10点半到达桃园机场,入境检查,换台币,换台湾电话卡,调车,忙到十二点,结果被告知机场必须搭乘免费巡回巴士出门,否则重罚。短短一个小时时间,已经与台湾警察,大哥大店MM,机场向日葵视频色板APP官网员打过招呼,初步印象,接触的每个台湾人都在履行着自己的工作职业,热情,亲和力强。出了这里,台湾自由行即刻开始;兑换台币,就在出机场的大厅里,很显眼,大概1比4.7的样子;最大面值1000一张;机场出口附近有免费领取的台湾旅游图,台湾地图台湾大哥大,15日吃到饱套餐,不限流量3G上网,台湾的3G速度非常快,可两三人共用一张卡,用WIFI 热点连接上网即可。简单个手续即可以开卡上网打电话出了机场大楼,A大爷和我兴冲冲地开始装车:将车包拆开,各种零件摆在地上,装前轮、安车座、调脚踏...二人齐心协力花了一个小时,待完成全部装车工作,收拾好凌乱的场地时,已是满头大汗。在这期间,有数位台湾民众上前来询问是否需要帮忙。似乎一切办理妥当,正当我两跃跃欲试准备骑车出发时,一位路过的机场工作人员提醒向日葵色板官方,桃园机场不可以骑脚踏车进出,如果被抓到会被重罚的哦,如果想出机场到达可以骑车的地方,需要先乘坐机场内的免费巡回巴士。她看了看向日葵色板官方装好的单车,不确定的说,但是不知道你们的车和行李是否能上这个巴士,保险起见,你们还是全拆了,打成包乘坐。我两当时傻了眼,如此这番的话,又要花费向日葵色板官方两个小时。机场附近此时天气炎热,向日葵色板官方心生焦急,脑门直冒汗。抱着侥幸能登上巡回巴士的心理,向日葵色板官方又找到一位机场的安保人员求帮忙。他是一位反恐特警,但是没有一点警察的架子,非常热心的陪向日葵色板官方前往巡回巴士车站,到了车站后告诉向日葵色板官方要如何跟巴士司机解释,要坐到哪一站才可以开始骑行。十五分钟后,巡回巴士进站停车,我和前面的司机讲了向日葵色板官方的情况,得到了非常有亲和力的回复:从后门将脚踏车搬上来就好,不要着急,我可以等你们。巴士上乘客不多,有数的几个人知道向日葵色板官方是从大陆来环台,也对我两报以钦佩的目光。来台刚刚不到两小时,心生感动良多次。在这里开始装车车辆安装完毕,以为一切搞定巡回巴士站台桃园机场出机场区域没有给脚踏车骑行的车道,切记!自行车直接上巴士,在大陆从未有过的待遇巴士车出机场,到达有自行车道的车站,别过巴士司机,环岛之旅这才正式开始。加油,A大爷! 初到台湾,一切似乎都很新鲜:马上路稀少的车辆、路边随处可见的槟榔西施和711便利超商、机车(摩托车)和自行车的数量多于汽车、不时路过会看到大片在路边的墓地等等。这是刚刚开始的新奇的旅行,这一路会遇到什么人和事,体验何种民族风俗,太值得首次来台的向日葵色板官方期待。普及一些台湾的小常识:快速路,即大陆这边的高速路,没有任何收费站,也看不到交警,所以如果你选择错误,会骑上高速。。。机车,即摩托车;铁马,也叫脚踏车,即自行车;牵车,即推车;不会,即谢谢的意思;网咖,就是网吧;简讯,我们的手机短信;冰店,冷饮店台湾有很多有名的冰店,如建华冰店。机场附近有一家超丽冰店,老板原是福建人,在台三十几年;天气炎热,来份1000CC的黄桃汁,蛮爽。槟榔西施的铺子,后面我会写路上见过的那些西施们;台湾的土地归民众所有,他们有自由买卖土地的权力; 当然,也就有在随意在自己的土地上盖建筑物的权力;图为台61号线路边的墓地;路上遇到一对父子,父亲在前面一直骑,头也不回,儿子紧紧的跟着。脚踏车运动在台湾非常的普及,桃园、新竹等县区甚至有专门的脚踏车专用高架,供民众沿海骑行使用。便利超商即向日葵色板官方这边的超市。在台的那些日子,可能接触最多的地点,就是台湾的便利超商。在台湾,711、全家、OK等超商随处可见,即便是在偏远的山区、村镇,也可以很容易的找到便利超商的身影。拿711为例,在台几乎是万能的,你可以在711购物,可以取现还款,可以充话费,可以邮寄包裹,甚至可以睡觉、洗漱。在台的这半个月,向日葵色板官方的中饭基本是在711解决的。台湾一些商品的物价我一次换了20000新台币; 台湾这个时候也蛮热,一般吃过中饭,为了躲避太阳,防止骑行中暑,向日葵色板官方会在超商店里休息一两个小时;街头的自助洗衣店,大概50新台币左右洗一桶衣服,40分钟左右即可取出。明晃晃的天空,酷热中骑行,好在一切都充满新鲜感;不要与天抗争,气温高就多休息,保持状态和体力,等傍晚气温降下来,再加把劲是上策;我的Aleoca 单车台湾西线的自然风景较东线要略逊一些,但就环境来说,依然干净整齐。A大爷忍不住停下拍照太阳斜下,气温渐渐降低,这一天中骑行速度的高峰随之到来 下午5点左右,骑行至桃园新屋乡笨港村,远远看到一座巨大的铜像矗立在路边的一座村庄内,便驱车前往一探究竟。原来,这是新屋乡的圣母娘娘庙,旁边这座铜像高30.5米,重100吨,遥望着永安海港,手持宝瓶、法相庄严,矗立天后宫旁,是新屋乡的新地。台湾妈祖信仰妈祖是以中国大陆东南沿海为中心、包括东亚(琉球、日本、韩国及东南亚)海洋地区的海神信仰,又称天上圣母 、天后、天后娘娘、湄洲娘妈等。台湾早期汉人移民多自中国大陆福建闽南地区渡海而来,台湾又四面环海,海上活动频繁,因此海神妈祖成为台湾人最普遍信仰的神明之一。无论是大小街庄、山海聚落,还是通都大邑,都可看到妈祖庙。据说,仅台湾一地就有妈祖庙510座。妈祖信仰传到台湾以后,逐渐发展出属于自己的特色。有学者认为妈祖已发展出与中国妈祖不同的特性:“‘妈祖’在中国福建的南方原是‘出海妈祖’,仅是渔民的守护神。然而,在台湾的妈祖已成‘过海妈祖’,她在历史上已成离开中国的移民祈求平安到台湾的过海守护神。目前台湾奉祀妈祖创建庙的大致可分为三大派:一是军派或称水师派,主要是以跟随明郑成功光复台湾子弟兵后代为主;二是官派又名仕绅派,多为清康熙施琅提督攻台统治的官员后代为主;三是民间派-多为海员、渔民、工商界人士和迁移居百姓为最多。每年农历三月二十三日是妈祖的诞辰。在这一天,各地的妈祖庙都会张灯结彩、演戏并伴随盛大的绕境祭礼行列,非常热闹。夜幕降临,A大爷和我在一家路边小馆简单吃了点饭菜,继续骑行到达新竹市区。几经打听后前往新竹渔港,找了一块离公共卫生间近的地方搭帐篷露营。这一天的骑行距离不长,权作是首日适应热身。台湾首日,迎来夜幕青菜里也放海向日葵视频色版下载面里也有,还真不适应;一顿饭二人大概花费260新台币,约合人民币60块钱;每到一个村镇,都可以见到类似这样的庙宇宫殿;A大爷骑行穿过一处隧道当晚向日葵色板官方的营地; D2(4-13),124km,新竹市~鹿港小镇(南寮渔港→竹南→后龙→通宵→清水→龙井区→鹿港小镇)假如你先生来自鹿港小镇 请问你是否看见我的爹娘 我家就住在妈祖庙的后面 卖着香火的那家小杂货店 假如你先生来自鹿港小镇 请问你是否看见我的爱人 想当年我离家时她一十八 有一颗善良的心和一卷长发没错,这首脍炙人口的歌曲从小听到大。我一直梦想过,要去真正的鹿港小镇。3今天,我的目的地就是,鹿港小镇。图为鹿港小镇,妈祖庙。妈祖庙的后面长啥样,后面发图。本次环台骑行共露营6天,平均每两天露营一次。露营地点一般安排在当地特色或景色别致的地方,如台湾的国小、国中、渔港、公园等。台湾有非常好的户外运动环境,可以露营的地点选择非常多,尤其是在西线海边,常常有专门设立好的帐篷露营区。昨日营地,A大爷正在收帐篷;营地离海边很近,附近有块大草坪,早上有看到蛮多晨跑的人;附近厕所边有棵大榕树,估摸有上千岁;台湾的厕所厕所在台湾被称为化妆室,大都非常干净整洁,内部设施人性化。像下图这个化妆室,就在向日葵色板官方的营地附近,还设有专门的育婴室,为带宝宝的妈妈们提供方便。在男化妆室中,厕坑还分坐式和蹲式两种。这边的房子看着都是这个风格,早餐和午餐一般在711解决;台湾西线,晴天时一直是这个颜色,明晃晃的感觉,很热,空**呛芡ㄍ专用自行车车道不到台湾,身在大陆的向日葵色板官方想不到自行车运动在台湾有多么的普及和受重视。从行车用的专用车道来说,几乎每个台湾的县市都有开辟,自行车道和机动车道完全的分离,在重要的城市,甚至有专门为自行车骑行建设的过街天桥、小高架桥。新竹至竹南这段骑行路,专用自行车道更是穿越海岸边的丛林,一直向台南延伸。新竹附近的专用自行车道这种骑行环境和安全程度,宅人怕是也会坐不住放心大胆向前骑,不会有机动车打扰你享受运动时光;据说在台湾,机动车上自行车专用道,要被重罚!还是那句话,最好的人生,在路上;([]
Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享,俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦,俺先来个免责声明:1。杨同学不认识俺,也没有授权俺,如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止;2。俺没有商业目的,译版版权归杨同学,俺啥也不要,也不承担法律责任;3。没有杨同学授权,不敢擅自发在国外网站,发在原帖处,荣誉归8264;4。俺英语水平有限,欢迎指正,欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分,不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦,希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子,原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co, where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30), 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evalsuate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
旅行回来一周了,印度的高温让我感觉格外疲惫,即使现在每天的天气预报都说国内如何如何的高温,在我感觉,也是很凉快了,重要的是随处都感受到空调。空调在印度可真的是奢侈品啊~ 印度的攻略网上已经有很多了,比萨就不再详细写了,只把旅行一路的见闻与感受写出来,希望大家能更多的了解印度,这个神奇的国度~ 除了机票是提前预订的,火车票是在印度现买的,旅馆是走到哪里在哪里找,这些都是没有提前预订的。比萨也没有带任何的攻略,没有LP,没有地图。 去印度之前,很多人和我说不要喝当地的水,要买瓶装水,不要吃路边摊。但是我都没做到,我和印度人一样去水管接水喝,吃路边摊,也没有拉肚子,也没有发烧感冒,只是热的起了痱子。也印证了我强大的小强精神,身体好的hold不住啊~ 这次的印度旅行,我最要感谢的是随遇而安,整个印度之行,给了我很大的帮助。在没有地图,没有LP的旅途中,全靠随遇而安的后方支持了。还有旅行途中碰到的躺着也中枪,padman,广州女生小黄,mettar,路人菜菜菜,七七。。。他们都给了我很多帮助。 我也很感谢印度人民,有提醒我注意坏人的,在我火车没有铺位的时候分给我一个床的,给我免费升AC车厢的,免费吃住的金庙~~印度的行程:金奈——新德里——阿格拉——新德里——阿姆利泽——斋普尔——乌代浦尔——斋普尔——瓦拉纳西——加尔各答马来西亚行程:吉隆坡——槟城——兰卡威——槟城——吉隆坡91楼 新德里 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 9-pid-20281054.html126楼 阿格拉泰姬陵 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 9-pid-20284017.html262楼 阿姆利泽 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 9-pid-20321588.html345楼 斋浦尔 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 9-pid-20425839.html407楼 乌代浦尔 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 9-pid-20521236.html473喽 瓦拉纳西 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 9-pid-20680197.html487楼 加尔各答 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 9-pid-20684047.html517楼 马来西亚 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 9-pid-20688443.html机票:这次旅行是两个国家,印度和马来西亚。去年10月亚航大促的时候买的廉价机票。深圳——吉隆坡,吉隆坡往返印度,吉隆坡往返槟城,吉隆坡——天津,一共6飞,合成人民币是2200元。后来吉隆坡取消了天津航线,免费改到了吉隆坡——北京。证:印度的证是在淘宝上找的代办,680元。虽然代办费用比实际证费用多出100多,但是我不用去北京,比请假再往返北京,费用要省,所以选择代办。当时就提供了工作证明,和1万的资金证明(6个月)还有护照,其他的都是由代办准备了。十几天就下来了。马来西亚我没有证,去印度之前在LCCT只呆了一个晚上,过境,回来的时候,又在马来西亚呆了5天,不到120小时,所以也是过境。所以马来西亚的证费用省下了。火车:在印度我全程选的都是SL,没有空调,但是印度火车的门、窗都是敞开的,而我选的所有火车都是夜车,所以火车开起来的时候,还是很凉快的。而且SL的票价要比AC3便宜太多了,这也是选择SL的原因。轮船:买机票的时候,由于功课没有做好,买的是吉隆坡往返槟城的,其实应该买吉隆坡——槟城,兰卡威——吉隆坡。所以槟城到兰卡威买的往返船票。公交:印度大城市也是有很多公交的,但是不报站,不过天气太热,我大部分还是选择坐TUTU的。 买机票的时候考虑买深圳到吉隆坡,是想可以去香港玩玩,但是真到出发,才发现根本没那么多时间。但是可恶的深圳机场到底还是让我去了香港。 我到深圳市坐火车过去的,是住的沙发客,住在南山区,离地铁很近。我也是第一次去深圳的宝安机场,原以为飞国际的航站楼是B楼,结果发现不是,找来找去在最偏远的地方,找到了一个二层小楼,这时候离飞机起飞还剩40分钟。亚航是提前45分钟的,就这5分钟只差,让我对宝安机场及人员,失望透顶。 我进去的时候,那边的工作人员,在那里玩手机,我和他讲,我迟到了,因为航站楼很难找。那几个人连眼皮都没抬一下,说“飞机都已经飞走了,你自己的原因有什么办法,再买一张票好了”。我和他们讲,让他们帮忙想想办法,看看能不能进去,他们直接说,“大家都很忙啊,快中午了,都下班吃饭去了,哪里还有人啊,没人给人换登机牌,安检了” 我当时心里那个气啊,说的容易,你的钱是挣得,我的钱是大风刮来的吗。是我迟到了,但用不着这样吧,什么下班吃饭,飞机飞走了,从来只听过飞机晚点,没听过飞机提前起飞的。还有40分钟,这时飞机连舱门还没开呢,飞个屁啊~ 为了不耽误之后的行程,我买了一张香港——吉隆坡的机票,(亚航的廉价机票,改费用比重新买一张还要贵,当时最便宜的就是从香港飞吉隆坡了)。从宝安机场有直接到香港机场的大巴,过关后换成小车,直接送到机场。PS:如果有别国证,用护照可直接过关,不需要港澳通行证。香港机场LCCT去印度金奈LCCT要穿越机场,自己走上飞机~飞机上看金奈金奈机场在金奈机场换了20美金,机场汇率太低了,而且还要手续费,20美金才换了950卢比,很让人郁闷。不过我在印度,都没换到较高的汇率,可能我比较衰吧。在加尔各答听路人菜菜菜说,她最高的时候100美金换了5800卢比,5555~~我最高就换到5500卢比,损失大了!在出机场的门口,可以看见一个简易地图,上面写着如何到地铁站,上面写的是地铁,不过就是在上面跑的,也没看见是在地下跑。一出机场,我就有一种明星走红地毯的感觉,那叫万众瞩目啊,印度人看你是外国人,都不措眼珠子的看你。我兜兜转转问了好几个人,才确定那个地铁站的方向,因为我也不知道是出了机场就左拐,还是到马路左拐。不过走着走着就看到火车了。车票6卢比,到埃各莫尔站。出了埃各莫尔车站,在街的对面有很多旅馆,但是金奈的旅馆相比北印是比较贵的,所以我走了2个小时都没有找到便宜又干净旅馆,总之和想象中的有差距。这个时候已经是印度的中午了,也就是国内的下午,印度和中国有2个半小时的时差。背着大包的我又累又饿,所以决定还是先吃饭再做别的打算。打了一辆TUTU到金奈火车站,因为我要买金奈——德里的火车票。TUTU一定要和司机讲价啊,他跟我说120卢比,我划价到60卢比。后来到北印,才发现60卢比很贵了~这是我在印度吃的第一顿饭,Biryani。饭下面是一个鸡腿和鸡蛋,另外点了一杯chai,一共是85卢比。合人民币10块钱吧。(人民币和卢比,是18点多)金奈火车站是有外国人售票办公室的,在售票厅的二楼。我去的时候刚开始没注意挂着的牌子,然后问那边的保安,他们告诉我在三楼,我严重怀疑他们根本听不懂英语,不懂装懂。在三楼找了一圈没找到。到二楼,抬头就看到了提示牌,推门直接走进办公室,里面的工作人员,向日葵视频色板APP官网态度很好。问我要去哪里,什么时候的车,坐哪种车厢。一开始我想着,从金奈到德里,33个小时,印度又这么热,还是买AC3吧,结果只剩WL了,只有AC2,票价2280卢比,感觉太贵了。于是坚持买了SL,那个女的一直说,SL不适合我,太热了,但是我还是坚持要做SL,我告诉她,AC2对我来说,太贵了~事实证明,SL我还是能忍受的,没有想象中那么恐怖。比我在国内坐那种没有空调的普快凉快多了!买完车票,我决定去Mahabalipuram,离金奈市区60公里,有公交588,588B,588C通往那里。票价是85卢比,不过随遇而安和我说,他去的时候是70卢比,可能是没有空调的缘故吧。找公交588B可费劲了,我就围着车站走啊走啊的,终于在快要崩溃的时候找到了一个大的公交车站,也终于有一个人懂英文,直接把我带到了588B车的前面。超感激那个小男生。金奈火车站附近的交警,在罚钱,呵呵~路上看见有人在游行演讲,估计是拥护哪个政党吧。到玛玛拉普兰下车不要再附近找旅馆,往海边的方向走,快走到海边的时候,有很多GUEST HOUSE,我之前也没有看LP,随便找了一家看上去很新的住了进去。墙壁院子都是新粉刷的。我要了一个离露台近的房间,300卢比。不过我在印度第一次被骗,也是在这家。我给店主500卢比,他没有找给我,说是要开摩托带我逛景点。我想着天气热,200卢比也不多(我还在用卢比换人民币),于是就答应了。他也确实带我逛了景点,我进去,他就在景区门口等着。后来他又说附近有个鳄鱼公园很好玩,结果开到半路,他说他的摩托没有油了,需要加油,要300卢比。我本来是不想给的,但是这路上这么荒凉,他要给我扔路上,我都不知道怎么回去,就在加油站给了300卢比。后来到了北印,才知道500卢比是个什么概念,懊悔死我了,其实我当时强硬的不给他钱加油,也不会怎么样的,谁让咱第一次来印度呢~大家以后去印度,一定要提高警惕,印度商人的骗人伎俩~我就住在这家清晨房间我在印度除KEC吃过的最贵的一顿饭,一盘面条200卢比,刚到印度不了解物价~清晨的海边玛玛拉普兰姆面对孟加拉湾,夜晚这里凉风习习,完全感觉不到白天的烈日炎炎。我躺在露台的吊床上睡着了。我在印度唯有这一次睡在外面被蚊子咬了,之后发现印度很神奇的没有蚊子!会不会都给热死了?这里有很多世界文化遗产的遗址,票价是250卢比,可以看两个。印度人只需要10卢比就可以参观了~海岸神庙Shore Temple刚到金奈很不习惯印度的灰尘吹到脸上的感觉,第一时间选择纱巾,不过后来习惯了,没再带过纱巾~比萨自己一个人走印度,没人给拍照,印度人的拍照水平实在很难恭维,还好带了一个自拍杆旁遮达拉Pancha Rathas这个是那个旅店的小老板带我到的一个景点,免费的,所以我也不知道这个景点的名字,就是一个巨大的岩石~不知道是不是传说中的变色龙,在树上经常看到~可爱的印度小孩,无论男孩女孩腰上都会有个腰链,在火车上遇到过一个,材质就像那种钢丝锁~印度人超喜欢金光闪闪的东西,所以无论男女都喜欢佩戴首饰~我从金奈到德里的火车是晚上10点多了,所以我5点多退房。印度南部的旅馆大部分是24小时的,不用中午12点退房。按照我的估计6点坐大巴回金奈坐火车时来的及的,不过回金奈时坐的588C,而且又是金奈的下半高峰,让我小紧张了一把~从玛玛拉普兰姆——金奈有588、588B、588C,我来的时候是在火车站附近乘的588B,所以回去的时候我理所当然的认为588C也应该是到火车站附近,结果售票员告诉我588C并不到火车站,但是我可以到金奈市区换车,他到时会叫我。当时我以为他说的是公交,所以下车就一直在找公交车站,后来问人才知道原来是他们的城铁,就是在上面跑的地铁,而地铁站也是在一个大楼里面。这个地铁站真的很让我长见识,进去看就像一个没有完工的超市,空旷,只有柱子。随着人流找到了售票窗口,问他们要去火车站,在哪一站下。结果卖票的都不太懂英文,这是过来一个警察,他的英文不错,就在纸上给我画了一个地铁的路线图,写上了每一个站的名字,告诉我在parkdown这站下车,让我数着站,因为地铁不报站。我感叹我遇到了好民警!站台是在三楼,下班高峰,印度男人真的是多啊。我就在看不到头的男人群中,寻找印度女人。终于让我发现了小部分印度女人,兴奋,有一种找到组织的兴奋!谁会想一个人和几十号男人挤在一个车厢。印度人的味道,你懂的~即使是女士车厢,也是挤不动。十几节车厢,就这么一节坐女人,可想而知有多挤了,而且是没有车门的,车速也不慢,我可真是不敢靠外站,怕给挤下去,赶紧跑到车厢最中间,才会感觉有安全感。我发现不但数学学的不好,记忆力也不好。没几站,我就不记得数到第几站了,然后赶紧问周围的女生。因为公交路上堵车,再加上找地铁站,此时已经9点半了,我很担心我下了车,是不是还有很远的路才能到火车站。而且我是第一次坐印度火车,真怕找不到车,深圳机场给我的阴影太大了~还好有个女生,英语发音超级准,她跟我说,到站会叫我的。等到下车的时候,又有一个女生主动说,她要路过火车站,让我跟着她走,不用搭任何的车,出了地铁就能看见火车站,她可以直接把我送到火车站。而她确实把我送到了火车站的大厅,再次感叹,运气好,碰到好人了!女士车厢,手机在晃动的车厢里拍的,有些抖,我实在腾不出手去拿相机~当火车站的时候10点左右吧,然后就在液晶屏幕上找我的车次,但是并没有显示在哪个站台。然后就拿着车票问身旁的一个男生,我那趟车在哪个站台。他告诉我要看液晶屏,他也正目不转睛的盯着屏幕看,我就看见他的汗就顺着脸流啊流的,胳膊也在流汗,我才发现我自己也是这样,一点不夸张的说长这么大都没出过这么多的汗。过了一会儿,哥们儿的车可能是进站了,就和我说,现在你的车还没来,不知道哪个站台,你要站在这里不要动,看着屏幕,那上面会有显示。我点点头,心说,还不让动,等他走了,我还是四处转转,因为有些饿了。买了一杯牛奶,因为实在是奶香四溢,才10卢比,买了一个油炸的不知道什么东西沾酱吃。人饿的时候,是不会管吃的东西叫什么的。给我的感觉就是放了好几天的干饼,划嗓子,不喝水是咽不下去的!终于我的车次在屏幕上显示了,就往站台走,这个时候还不知道看站台的小液晶屏,上面有车厢号,可以走到相应的车厢号那里等车。我一路问的走到了S3车厢的位置,车来的时候也正好停在这里。当我放下背包的时候,整件T恤已经全湿了,贴在身上都变透明了,哈哈~我这一路只有一次是中铺,还被调到了AC,整个行程全部是上铺。这也是我买车票是特别要求的,在填表的时候都会写上UB。原因很简单,第一安全,可以把行李放到上铺,时刻看着行李,我没买链锁,太沉。第二,上车就可以躺着,中铺平常事放下来的,大家都坐在下铺,所以中铺和下铺不可以随意躺着。侧铺下铺窗子一直开着,我可不想嘴被吹歪了,侧上铺过道的电扇吹不到,很闷~所以对于我最理想的就是上铺。上车简单洗脸就睡了,正好有三个电扇冲着我吹,晚上还是蛮舒服的~当然是对我而言,怕热,怕人多的还是不要尝试。 车厢 车厢印度的火车可以充电,AC车厢很多,SL就再车厢的尽头,这张是手机充电的时候拍的。车晃,手机拍的也不清楚~早上是被饿醒的,吃了一个盒饭Biryani,35卢比,但是辣的很奇怪,没吃完。又买了一个面包三明治,这才吃饱。可能是天气太热的缘故,吃完就觉得困,又接着睡,直到把我热醒。正好是中午,外面吹进来的都是热风,我在上铺感觉都像在锅里,衣服全都贴在身上。因为印度女人不能露腿的,所以一直都是穿长裤。从包里找出短裤、吊带换上,我才不管什么不能露胳膊露腿的呢。从这天起,我就开始每天都喝一瓶藿香正气水。在印度期间没感冒,没拉肚子,没中暑,只长了痱子,也算奇迹了。换完衣服上铺是不能去了,太热,然后一群90后的印度小兵就坐着和我聊天,要求我给他们拍照,还要和我合照,呵呵。还有印度的大叔也要与我照相,总之,在太阳没下山之前,我又困了,继续爬上去睡觉。([]
洛阳,一座有着5000多年文明史、4000年的建城史和1500多年的建都史的古城,是华夏文明的发源地和中华民族的发祥地之一。而洛阳又因牡丹闻名于世,被世人誉为“千年帝都,牡丹花城”。在牡丹花盛开的日子里,我独行洛阳,去造访这座千年都城并欣赏我国著名的国花。4月10日晚,乘坐K419次列车,经过6个半小时的车程,与次日清晨558,我到达了洛阳。按照事先做好的功课,车到洛阳站后,出站后直接去公交站台乘坐801公交,上车直达龙门石窟。 龙门石窟位于洛阳市南郊龙门峡谷东西两崖的峭壁间。因为这里东、西两山对峙,伊水从中流过,看上去宛若门厥,所以又被称为“伊厥”,唐代以后,多称其为“龙门”。 这里地处交通要冲,山清水秀,气候宜人,是文人墨客的观游胜地。又因为龙门石窟所在的岩体石质优良,宜于雕刻,所以古人选择此处开凿石窟。 龙门石窟是中国石刻艺术宝库之一,国家AAAAA级景区。2000年被联合国科教文组织列为世界文化遗产。 两山之间的伊水让洛阳这座古城尽显了灵秀之气。 龙门石窟位是中国石刻艺术宝库之一,世界文化遗产、是中国四大石窟之一。龙门石窟与甘肃敦煌莫高窟、山西大同云冈石窟并称为“中国三大石刻艺术宝库”。 石窟始凿于北魏孝文帝时(公元471~477年),历经400余年才建成,迄今已有1500年的历史,龙门石窟南北长约1公里,现存石窟1300多个,窟龛2345个,记和碑刻3600余品,佛塔50余座,佛像97000余尊。 最大的佛像高达17.14米,最小的仅有2厘米。其中以宾阳中洞、奉先寺和古阳洞最具有代表性。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期(公元386~512年)的代表性作品。这个洞窟前后用了24年才建成,是开凿时间最长的一个洞窟。洞内有11尊大佛像。主像释迦牟尼像,面部清秀,神情自然,堪称北魏中期石雕艺术的杰作。主像座前刻有两只姿态雄健的石狮。左右侍立二弟子,二菩萨,菩萨像含笑凝眸,温柔敦厚。洞中还雕刻着众菩萨,弟子听法的浮雕像,栩栩如生。窟顶飞天仙子的刻画也十分传神。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期代表性的洞窟。“宾阳”意为迎接出生的太阳。宾阳三洞开凿于北魏时期,是北魏的宣武帝为他父亲孝文帝做功德而建。它开工于公元500年,历时24年,用工达80万2366个,后因为发生宫廷政变以及主持人刘腾病故等原因,计划中的三所洞窟(宾阳中洞、南洞、北洞)仅完成了一所即宾阳中洞,南洞和北洞都是到初唐才完成了主要造像。宾阳中洞内为马蹄形平面,穹窿顶,中央雕刻重瓣大莲花构成的莲花宝盖,莲花周围是八个伎乐天和两个供养天人。它们衣带飘扬,迎风翱翔在莲花宝盖周围,姿态优美动人。洞内为三世佛材,即过去、现在、未来三世佛。主佛为释迦牟尼。他是佛教的创始人,原名叫乔达摩·悉达多,原是古印度净饭王的儿子。他和中国的孔子生活在同一时代,比孔子要年长12岁。他在29岁时出家修行,经过六年,悟道成佛,创立了佛教。由于北魏时期崇尚以瘦为美,所以主佛释迦牟尼面颊清瘦,脖颈细长,体态修长。衣纹密集,雕刻手法采用的是北魏的平直刀法。由于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后实行了一系列的汉化政策,所以洞中主佛的服饰一改云冈石窟佛像那种偏袒右肩式袈裟,而身着宽袍大袖袈裟。释迦牟尼所有侍立二弟子、二菩萨。二菩萨含睇若笑,文雅敦厚。左右壁还各有造像一铺,都是一佛、二菩萨,着褒衣博带袈裟,立于覆莲座上。洞中前壁南北两侧,自上而下有四层精美的浮雕。第一层是以《维摩诘经》故事为材的浮雕,叫做“维摩变”。第二层是两则佛本生故事。第三层为著名的帝后礼佛图。第四层为“十神王”浮雕像。特别是位于第三层的帝后礼佛图,它们反映了宫廷的佛事活动,刻划出了佛教徒虔诚、严肃、宁静的心境,造型准确,制作精美,代表了当时生活风俗画的高度发展水平,具有重要的艺术价值和历史价值。非常可惜的是,在上个世纪的三、四十年代被盗往国外了,现在分别陈列在美国纽约大都会博物馆和美国堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。 “剪刀手”卖萌佛祖在宾阳中洞石窟,有一尊历经千年风霜的佛像,手势神似“剪刀手”。剪刀手佛像是在向游人卖萌,在提醒大家保护文物,还是想说点什么?有网友评论:四百年前的艺术大师们好有远见,知道在四百年后剪刀手肯定会风靡全球。 《伊阙佛龛之碑》亦称"褚遂良碑"。篆额《伊阙佛龛之碑》。贞观十五年(公元641年)刻于河南省洛阳龙门石窟壁宾阳洞内。 这里因伊水东西两岸之香山和龙门山对峙如天然门阙,故古称“伊阙”,隋唐以后,习称龙门。《伊阙佛龛之碑》通高约5.00米、宽1.90米。由中书侍郎岑文本撰文,谏议大夫褚遂良书。字共三十二行,满行五十一字。计一千六百余字。碑文主要记述唐太宗第四子魏王李泰为其母文德皇后长孙氏死后做功德而开凿,太宗末年李泰与太子李承乾争夺太子位,李泰借为母亲开窟造像做功德,实有获得太宗好感,为自已捞取政治资本的目的。这通碑原应为北魏所雕的宾阳中洞的造窟碑,到了唐代李泰为节省费用,竟就势磨去原有碑文,又重新雕刻成唐碑的。 关于该碑的记载,始见于宋嘉祐六年(公元1061年)欧阳修之《集古录》及赵明诚之《金石录》。《伊阙佛龛之碑》是早期传世褚书的代表作。为目前国内所见褚遂良楷书之最大者,字体清秀端庄,宽博古质,是准的初唐楷书。此碑虽说是碑,实际上却是摩崖刻石。两者功用相同,都是为歌功颂的。但在创作时条件不同,一个是光平如镜,而另一个则是凹凸不平,书写的环境也不会那么优游自在。于是,摩崖书法的特征也就不言而喻。因无法近观与精雕细琢,于是便在气势上极力铺张,字形比碑志大得多,舒卷自如,开张跌宕。正是在这一点上,像汉代的《石门颂》、《郙阁颂》、《西峡颂》,它们气度之开张,韵致之飞扬,自然拙朴,即使是如《礼器碑》、《乙瑛碑》、《史晨碑》等真正的碑志精品也无法比拟,褚遂良的《伊阙佛龛碑》,正是这样一种典型的摩崖书风。传世墨拓以明代何良俊清森阁旧藏明初拓本为最佳,拓工精致、字口如新;比《金石萃编》所载犹多五十余字,曾经清代毕泷、沈志达、费念慈等递藏,现藏北京图书馆。有影印本行世。 魏窟――公元495年魏宗室丘慧成开始在龙门山开凿古阳洞,500--523年魏宣武帝、魏孝明帝连续开凿宾阳洞的北中南三个大石窟,石阳洞和宾阳洞的修建共费人工80万以上,还开凿了药方洞和东魏时开凿的莲花洞等石窟。北朝石窟都在龙门山,古阳洞自慧成至东魏末50多年的营造,表现出列多的中国艺术形式,大佛姿态也由云岗石窟的雄健可畏转变为龙门石窟的温和可亲。以宾阳中洞主佛为代表的佛像,人物面部含着微笑,龙门石窟比云岗石窟表现出更多的中国艺术佛像。龙门石窟还保留有大量的宗教、美术、书法、音乐、服饰、医药、建筑和中外交通等方面的实物史料。因此,它又是一座大型的石刻艺术博物馆。 只可惜龙门石窟遭受的破坏要比云冈石窟大得多,绝大多数佛像都不存在或者是残缺不全的了。 ([]
加蓬伊根甲营地远景 因所在公司外事中非洲加蓬国一块石油地震勘探项目,我和队友们于2008年9月8日,从北京国际机场离境飞往加蓬。公司营地建在让蒂尔市以北二百公里左右的半岛伊根甲的一块草原上。附近村庄的房子稀少都建在树林里,周围都是原始森林,与外界交通补给全部靠水路,交通和通讯都不方便,我们在岛上一待就是几个月,说生活不枯燥那是安慰自己的真实的谎言。勘探项目接近尾声时,大家有时间了就一起踢踢球、打打牌,自我调节一下。一般向日葵色板官方不与附近的村民打交道(包括踢足球),以免造成不必要的麻烦。营地前面有一个大操场,等太阳西下时就可以抓紧时间在操场上踢球了,赤道国家的太阳都是很毒的。已经有一批队员回国,现在踢球的人不象以前那么多了。。。。啰嗦了半天该赶紧上图了。。。。走过路过麻烦您帮楼主 加分顶贴下面的 参选帖子 猎人户外精彩自虐:负重穿越肖坑大峡谷(华东第一大峡谷)https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1867379-1-1.html非常感谢 回帖是美德 准化营地鸟瞰 。。。像不像部队演习时的临时营房? 海上施工的工作照 为什么取名叫“少林足球”:因为大家在异国他乡生活久了,感觉就像和尚一样,修心养性,吃斋念佛;脱掉工作服赤膊上阵,在球场上撒欢一下,有的动作比较大,感觉就是在打斗而不是在踢足球。。。。精彩瞬间--门前解围 精彩瞬间--门前混战 精彩瞬间--拼抢 精彩瞬间。。。。断球 精彩瞬间--带球过人 精彩瞬间--射门 谁说赤脚的不怕穿鞋的 ([]
离上次印尼美娜多潜水已经4个月了,今年春节时我跟老爸一起去了帕劳。这次的行程差不多从去年11月就开始计划了,本来想去马来西亚的诗巴丹,可是本人还是经不起诱惑,执意来到了这里。选择帕劳是有几点好处的: 1. 这时正值当地的旱季,降雨量比较小,所以阴天也比较少,充足的阳光有助于水下的拍摄。2. 12月-2月正是蝠鲼 (Manta Ray)交配的季节,所以有机会能看见成群的蝠鲼。3. 来的人比较多,有机会接触世界各地的潜水爱好者,能够互相学习,探讨其他各地著名潜点。4. 几乎没有受到海洋灾难,2013年底的台风海燕虽然完虐了菲律宾,但是帕劳并没有太多损失。2004年的海啸对贝里琉海域造成了一部分的损失,但是对这次的潜水没有太多的影响。5. 这里有世界独一无二水母湖(Jellyfish Lake)。6. 蓝角(Blue corner) 几乎每一年都排在最佳潜点前五名。7. 贝里琉(Peleliu) 是太平洋战争的美军夺岛战役中最惨烈的战场(远超硫磺岛和塞班),值得来看一下,所以帕劳海域的沉船,和战机残骸也很多。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------缺点是:1. 人太多了,酒店住房率极高,价格也是猛涨。2. 蚊子太多了,被咬率极高,后果也是极差!3. 水下的潜客太多了, 著名潜点会有很多人来光顾,想要停留看蝠鲼要排队。4. 海浪太大了,踮的我想吐, 潜点离主岛克罗尔(Koror)开船时间长,要45分钟。5. 潜水价格出奇的贵! 一般是140美金两潜,宰你没商量。6. 跟中国大陆没有建交(跟台湾建交了),所以没有直航飞到帕劳,只能转机。关于潜水器材,及潜水摄影器材请 点击 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1884010-pid-35951243.html 由于没有直飞航班到帕劳,也因为起初打算顺便去PG岛潜几天,所以向日葵色板官方选择了经停菲律宾,马尼拉。 可是因为航班延误,整个计划都打乱了,所以在菲律宾耽误了3天,然后在帕劳直接潜了两个礼拜。航班: 一般去帕劳可以选择经停韩国,台北,菲律宾,香港的航线也刚刚开通了。住宿: 帕劳的酒店就是一个字, 贵! 按照酒店等级的排行,春节期间房间价格大概是 80 - 500美金一晚不等。餐饮: 这里是旅游胜地,中餐,美式,欧式,日料,韩料,泰国菜,印度菜。。。都可以看到。价格吗?向日葵色板官方人均每日消费30美金。交通: 当地人很少,没有公共交通,一般就是出租车,或者酒店或饭店的专车接送,其实步行也很方便。安全: 其实听一位台湾朋友说起,这里还是不要在夜间出行,因为路灯比较暗,所以可能汽车司机会看不到你。天气: 热带雨林气候,经常下雨,一般气温在26-31度。货币: 美金网络: 巨慢无比(很难想象一个旅游胜地的网速,竟然会慢到这种地步,一棒打回中世纪时代)语言: 英语或帕劳当地语电压: 110V, 和美国的一样。准备物品: 蚊香,驱蚊水,水下相机,防晒霜,浮潜三宝,美眉们不要忘记比基尼哟!(如果还有其他想要了解的,请在这里回复我)这里没有过山车,没有摩天轮,没有米其林餐厅,也没有大型购物商城,但是在这里度过的两个礼拜里,每一天都不枯燥乏味。 这里有ROCK ISLANDS, 牛奶湖,水母湖,蓝角,大断层,德国水道,这里有碧水,蓝天,绿树,彩虹。 无论你喜欢深潜,浮潜,泛舟,冲浪,还是汽艇,海钓,徒步,航拍,在帕劳你都可以享受的淋漓尽致。 当然,你也可以躺在沙滩上晒太阳,去看看二战时的战场,与美人鱼,海豚嬉戏,或去吃一口当地著名的“养颜蝙蝠汤”!就算单纯的乘船在ROCK ISLANDS 之间穿梭也是一种快乐的体验。这个地方适合所有人,无论情侣,夫妇,老少,还是潜水狂热爱好者(本人),都会在此享受美好的时光,还等什么? 准备好你的行囊,开始新一段神奇的旅程吧!新断层 (New Drop Off) 潜水图片及文字介绍https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44161442.htmlhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44162496.html蓝角 (Blue Corner) 潜水图片及文字介绍https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44161638.htmlhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44161986.html蓝洞 (Blue Holes) 潜水图片及文字介绍https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44161457.htmlhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44161513.htmlhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44162547.html赛伊斯角 (Siaes Corner) 潜水图片及文字介绍https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44163159.html钢盔残骸 (Helmet Wreck) 潜水图片及文字介绍:https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44161715.html吊灯洞穴 (Chanlelier Cave) 潜水图片及文字介绍https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44162996.html大断层 (Big Drop Off) 潜水图片及文字介绍https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44161688.htmlhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44162054.html乌龙峭壁 (Ulong Wall) 潜水图片及文字介绍https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44162090.html德国水道 (German Channel) 潜水图片及文字介绍https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44164132.html牛奶湖+红树林独木舟+水母湖+浮潜一日游https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44164524.html贝里琉岛的战场遗址https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44194828.html鲨鱼https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44164334.htmlhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44164211.htmlhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44162015.htmlhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44162065.html海龟https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44162977.htmlhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44161705.html蝠鲼https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44164174.htmlhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44164137.htmlJackfish Stormhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44161643.htmlhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44163507.html苏眉https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44162028.htmlhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44162070.html-----------------------------------------------------------------------------著名潜点的位置分布赛伊斯角 Siaes Coner - 6乌龙水道 Ulong Channel - 8乌龙峭壁 Ulong Wall - 65沙地天堂 Sandy Paradise - 64蓝洞Blue Hole - 11蓝角Blue Corner - 12新断层New Dropoff - 16海龟湾Turtle Cove - 30大断层Big Dropoff - 32德国峭壁German Wall - 34德国水道German Channel - 35水母湖 Jellyfish Lake - 39玫瑰花园Rose Garden - 40吊灯洞穴 Chandelier Cave - 2砗磲贝城 Clam City - 42牛奶湖 Milky Way - 48零式战机残骸 Japanese Zero - 49伊洛残骸 Iro Wreck - 55钢盔残骸 Helmet Wreck - 58(图片转自网络)具体帕劳深潜须知: 在帕劳潜水(Rock Islands)是需要许可证的!有效期是10天,无论你是深潜还是浮潜都是一定要买的,而且要携带,必要时要出示;如果让海上巡逻员发现你没有携带,那么会有100美金的罚款。(丢不起那人啊!)Rock Islands Permit 50美金Rock Islands Permit + 水母湖 100美金和其他地区不同,在帕劳潜水需要开很长时间的船才能到达目的地,一般是早晨9点左右出发,我建议你带上冲锋衣,阴天下雨时,冷风嗖嗖的,为了身体健康一定要准备。这里的潜点一般不管你的潜水设备与气罐的安装,无论你的潜水装备是租的还是自备的,都要自己安装。(所以如果你还是新手,潜水之前还是再温习一下吧)很多潜点的水流非常急,如果你刚刚考完OW证,那么在这里你会发现挑战性很大,做好心理准备。很多潜店都提供免费的 NITROX 32% 气罐,来之前考一个NITROX 证吧。如果你的水下相机是单反,那么鱼眼或广角镜头是必备的。潜点:NEW DROP OFF 新断层潜水级别 初级适合深度: 15-20米新断层可以说是一个小型蓝角,这里你会见到很多海龟,鲨鱼,和热带鱼群。苏眉以及其他大型鱼种在这里也是常客。 新断层的靠近海岸的地方差不多在10米左右,这里有很多种硬珊瑚,然后突然下降至几百米,算是一个峭壁 (WALL DIVE), 在20米左右,你也能看到多种海龟。Napoleon Wrasse 苏眉第一天第一潜刚下水就有这么一个大家伙来迎接向日葵色板官方,估计哥们儿都见怪不怪了,丝毫没有一点胆怯。嘴唇是不是很性感?潜水时会经常看到其他潜团的人,这一组正在使用流钩(Reef hook),固定自己来观察鱼类。老爸拿出他的 GoPro 3, 好像在瞄准鱼头一样。流钩一般固定在BCD的中部,这样能够使你平衡。对比之下看出这条苏眉有多大了吧?向日葵色板官方继续潜行,不知下面迎接向日葵色板官方的会是什么?原来是小鱼群啊,没意思,大鲨鱼在哪?很多鱼藏匿在珊瑚之间今天还去了水母湖,先上一张图,吊吊大家胃口,其他关于水母湖的介绍和图片请点击 339楼 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-2051327-pid-44164874.html楼主大脸自拍,突然一只水母给我迎头一击!(图片转自网络)第二天 蓝洞 BLUE HOLE图中的一对潜客是来自瑞士的夫妇,目测70多岁了。潜水级别: 进阶适合深度: 28米-30米蓝洞是形容一片离海面几米处深的礁石,这篇礁石上有4个洞,全部都连接着一个大型洞穴,向日葵色板官方的船停在礁石边上,潜入海里后至15米处有一个洞穴的入口。 距今几百万年前,当时海平面还没有这么高的时候,淡水慢慢侵蚀了这片岩石,从而形成了现在的状态。洞里除了一个墙面上的一个电贝(disco clam) 以外,几乎没有什么吸引人的生物了。主要是看洞穴型态。从洞里出来了以后向日葵色板官方向左边继续潜行。时不时的也能看到各种颜色的柳珊瑚有人叫它 crocodile fish, 也有人叫它 flathead fish, 我叫它crocodile flathead fish......(扁头鳄鱼鱼?)一把年纪了也卖萌! 老版哈利波特!([
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